On 1 January 2020, “ IMO 2020” came into force. ![]() Nowadays, most of the fuel oil produced in the EU is used for international navigation to satisfy the increased need for this transport fuel which has grown in the last years due to increased international trade e.g. Apart from the Netherlands, since 2015 no clear reduction regarding the use of fuel oil in international navigation in the EU is visible. However, the amount of fuel oil used in international navigation has remained more or less constant in the EU during the last twenty years. Since their introduction in 2015, the regulations to lower sulphur oxide (SOx) emissions at sea seemed to have a certain but rather limited impact on the trade and the production of fuel oil. ![]() This limit has been revised several times over the last decades. This means that ships must use fuel oil with a limited sulphur content to prevent the emission of ozone-depleting substances, such as sulphur oxides (SOx) ( Directive (EU) 2016/802 of the European Parliament and of the Council). ![]() In 1997, the MARPOL Protocol was adopted to amend the Convention and one of its annexes limits the sulphur content in fuel oil used for navigation/shipping.ĭecisions taken at international level (UN) are always transposed to EU law.Īs a consequence, in the EU, the sulphur content in fuel oil is regulated to limit marine pollution from ships. About international navigation and international regulationsĭue to growing concerns over the environmental impact of pollution due to the use of fuel oil, the International Maritime Organization of the United Nations (IMO) organised the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships ( MARPOL) in the 1970s.
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